Questions & Answers
Questions & Answers
6 available 6 • View allValidity of electronic communications as binding agreements
3
Q: Dear Lawyers,
Could you please advise if commitments or agreements via electronic communications (emails) can be considered as a binding agreement as per the UAE law?
Thanks,
Mohamed.

Oct 7, 2018
1496
Are electronic transactions considered valid commitments?

4
Q: Hi,
Could you please advise!
Can commitments or agreements via electronic communications (emails) be considered as a binding agreement as per the UAE law?
If yes, kindly provide the law clauses.


Feb 5, 2020
516
Whatsapp chat can be a proof before the courts
10
Q: Someone has taken money from me and not returning it. I have WhatsApp chat as a proof.
Is WhatsApp chat an admissible proof? And where should I file the case? The Police station or court?
Kindly advise

Jan 2, 2019
4037
What are the conditions for changing the terms of tenancy contract?
1
Q: Dear Legal Advice Lawyers,
Currently, I rent an apartment in downtown Dubai. In a month I am going to renew my contract for the next year with the same landlord.
I was just informed that the landlord would like to change some conditions/clauses in the new contract.
Can the landlord change/introduce new conditions in the new contract if he did not give me a 3-month notice period or the same terms of my current contract should remain effective for the new contract?
Thank you very much.
V.

Oct 6, 2021
335
Is an email legitimate for adding terms not mentioned in the tenancy contract?




2
Q: Dear Sir/Madam,
I want to rent an apartment in JVC, and the real estate managing the building sent me the contract. After reading it, I noticed there is a clause stating that pets are not allowed.
There is no clause about maintenance fees and whether they are covered (although the agent mentioned cats are allowed and maintenance is free). Also, there is no clause stating that the rent increase follows RERA guidelines.
When I went to negotiate, the manager said we cannot change the contract but offered to send an official email stating that cats are allowed, maintenance is free, and the rent increase complies with RERA.
I haven’t signed the contract and want to know if the email is legitimate and if I can use it as proof if needed for dispute resolution.
Thanks in advance!





Jan 15, 2024
151
Can a landlord increase the rent via a WhatsApp message without prior notice?



1
Q: Dear Sir/Madam,
I have been a tenant in a residential unit since 2023.
The real estate representative of the landlord sent a WhatsApp message stating that my rent is finalized at 24,200 AED, up from the previous contract amount of 22,000 AED, without any prior notice or email from the landlord.
Kindly guide me!




Jul 29, 2024
158
Legal blog
2 available 2 • View allContracts 101: Official Agreements to WhatsApp Messages 2
An interview-format article covering the topic of contracts in the UAE. This is from the legal podcast of lawyer Ludmila Yamalova, the founder of Lawgical with LYLAW.
Mar 3, 2021
1161
The Rise of Digital Contracts in the UAE: What Businesses Need to Know 3
We're seeing a significant change in the way we do business. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is speeding up the transition to a more automated and digital future. This change is especially noticeable in transactions and contracts. Businesses of all sizes should consider e-contracts and digital transactions, as they can improve efficiency, streamline processes, and eventually open up new growth opportunities.
Feb 24, 2025
163
Laws & Regulations
3 available 3 • View allFederal Law No. (5) of 1985 On the Civil Transactions Law of the United Arab Emirates 96
The provisions of this law, promulgating UAE Civil Code, govern the civil transactions in the United Arab Emirates. The commercial transactions remain subject to the laws and regulations applicable in their regard.
Dec 15, 1985
148541
Federal Law No. (11) of 1992 Concerning Issuance of the Civil Procedures Code 42
The law promulgates UAE Civil Procedures Code (Civil Procedure Law) which governs civil procedures in the United Arab Emirates, including the prosecution before the courts, litigation and execution.
Feb 24, 1992
75399
Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions 14
The provisions of this law On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions (Law of Evidence) govern evidence in civil and commercial disputes in the UAE.
Jan 15, 1992
19127

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Good afternoon!
My friend works as a cleaner for a cleaning company and she now wants to resign with a 30-day notice. However, she has not completed the two-year contract and has only served for 16 months.
Additionally, she has not taken any vacation leave. The sad part is that when she signed the offer letter, she did not receive a copy of it and only signed it.
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نحن شركة ذات مسؤولية محدودة ولدينا كفيل إماراتي صوري، ولكن بالرخصة التجارية هو شريك. هذا الكفيل صاحب أخلاق عالية ولا خوف منه ويعرف نفسه بأنه ليس بشريك فعلي.
السؤال: إذا، لا سمح الله، توفي فقد نخوض مشاكل قانونية مع عائلته، فما الحل القانوني الذي يمكن أن ننجزه معه الآن ضمانًا لحقوقنا مستقبلاً؟
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العميل سدد المبالغ التي استخدمها ورفض دفع مبالغ الفائدة البنكية. هل يجوز ذلك؟ 2
السلام عليكم،
هل يحق للبنك في إمارة دبي أن يرفع دعوى جنائية أو مدنية ضد عميل لم يسدد مبالغ الفائدة بل سدد فقط المبالغ التي قدمها البنك أصليًا (مبلغ القرض فقط)؟
منحه البنك بطاقة ائتمانية بحجة أنه "قرض حسن بدون فوائد"، وبعدما استخدم العميل البطاقة الائتمانية بفترة زمنية قصيرة وفجأةً تم إرسال رسالة إلى العميل تفيد بأن هناك مبالغ متراكمة بسبب الفائدة البنكية بقيمة ٤٠٪ من القرض الأساس المُقدم إليه.
علمًا بأنه تم تزويد العميل بالبطاقة الائتمانية عن طريق البريد السريع لعنوان منزله بدون طلب رسمي من العميل بذلك، بالإضافة إلى أنه لا يوجد أي من المستندات التالية بين البنك والعميل:
١- عقد. ٢- اتفاقية. ٣- شيكات كضمان. ٤- سند أو شريعة أو قبول خطي أو غير خطي أو توثيق يتضمن أي توقيع من الأطراف؛ بمعنى آخر، لا يوجد أي اتفاق على الإطلاق.
العميل سدد المبالغ التي استخدمها ورفض دفع مبالغ الفائدة البنكية المضافة سالفة الذكر.
الرجاء الإفادة ولكم جزيل الشكر!
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