Questions & Answers
Questions & Answers
6 available 6 • View allValidity of electronic communications as binding agreements
3
Q: Dear Lawyers,
Could you please advise if commitments or agreements via electronic communications (emails) can be considered as a binding agreement as per the UAE law?
Thanks,
Mohamed.

Oct 7, 2018
1435
Claiming an old personal debt without documents
4
Q: Hi,
I lent money to a colleague. Now, it's been 5 years and he is still finding excuses not to pay me.
Since then I left the UAE, and the only proof I have is Whatsapp messages. What can I do?

Jul 17, 2018
2187
Whatsapp chat can be a proof before the courts
10
Q: Someone has taken money from me and not returning it. I have WhatsApp chat as a proof.
Is WhatsApp chat an admissible proof? And where should I file the case? The Police station or court?
Kindly advise

Jan 2, 2019
4019
Is WhatsApp an eligible medium for sending a notice to a tenant?
2
Q: I have notified my tenant of the rent increase 90 days in advance of the expiry date of the tenancy contract via a WhatsApp message.
I understand that WhatsApp is an eligible medium for the said notice, as per the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2002 No. 25 of 2002.
Please confirm whether my understanding is correct or not!

Aug 30, 2021
1363
Is a photo or printout of a cheque legally valid for deposit?




2
Q: Hi,
In the UAE, is a photo or a printout of a cheque as valid as the original cheque, and thus can be legally deposited?
If so, does this apply if both drawer and payee are individuals?
Many thanks for the advice!
Best Regards,





Mar 7, 2024
499
Can the payee of a cheque use a photo of a cheque I sent a picture of it on WhatsApp?


1
Q: Greetings,
I shared a photo of a cheque with the payee for verification purposes only, not for deposit. Our WhatsApp communication has been clear on this.
I recently found out that it may be possible to encash a cheque using a photo or printout instead of the original cheque…
Now, I worry the person may actually deposit the cheque using the photo I shared.
Is this possible or plausible, would this be a fraud?
Should I preemptively block the cheque?
The jurisdiction is Dubai.
I still have the physical cheque in my possession.
Thank you in advance for your input.



Mar 7, 2024
563
Legal blog
1 available 1 • View allThe Rise of Digital Contracts in the UAE: What Businesses Need to Know 3
We're seeing a significant change in the way we do business. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is speeding up the transition to a more automated and digital future. This change is especially noticeable in transactions and contracts. Businesses of all sizes should consider e-contracts and digital transactions, as they can improve efficiency, streamline processes, and eventually open up new growth opportunities.
Feb 24, 2025
113
Laws & Regulations
2 available 2 • View allFederal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions 14
The provisions of this law On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions (Law of Evidence) govern evidence in civil and commercial disputes in the UAE.
Jan 15, 1992
19085
Federal Law No. (5) of 1985 On the Civil Transactions Law of the United Arab Emirates 96
The provisions of this law, promulgating UAE Civil Code, govern the civil transactions in the United Arab Emirates. The commercial transactions remain subject to the laws and regulations applicable in their regard.
Dec 15, 1985
148342

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1543 1543 answers •
View allHow much time do I have to start paying after the verdict in the appeal court? 0
Hello,
How much time do I have to start paying after the verdict in the appeal court?
And what's the probability of freezing my account or traffic file if I’m paying?
Apr 11, 2025
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What does Cabinet Resolution No. 1 of 2022 mean with exempting supervisory roles from the provisions of the Labour Law? 0
Dear colleagues,
According to Article 15 of Cabinet Resolution No. 1 of 2022 (“Executive Regulations”), employees occupying supervisory roles are exempt from the provisions of the Labour Law and the Executive Regulations in relation to maximum working hours only if they possess powers equivalent to those of the employer.
Could you please clarify what is meant by "if they possess powers equivalent to those of the employer"?
Currently, we have heads of departments who report to the directors. Will they be eligible for overtime?
Also, those who have a POA to sign contracts will they be eligible?
Or, those who temporarily replace the CEO while he is out, will they be eligible?
Apr 10, 2025
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Can I stay home if my boss doesn’t pay my salary on time? 0
Hello,
Can I stay home if my boss doesn’t pay my salary on time?
Apr 10, 2025
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نزاع بين شركاء مفوضين بالتوقيع على المعاملات البنكية للشركة بشأن شيك وتحويل أموال 0
زوج وزوجة، الزوجة مالكة لشركة بنسبة 50% ولديها شريك أجنبي يملك بنسبة 50%. الشريك مخول بالتوقيع في كافة المعاملات البنكية للشركة والزوجة كذلك لها ذات الصلاحية.
بعدها، غاب الشريك الأجنبي عن الشركة وسافر. ومازالت الشركة نشطة والعمال لايستلمون رواتبهم والشريك قام بتحويل جميع أموال الشركة إلى حسابه الخاص دون علم الشريك الآخر.
ثم تحصلت الزوجة الشريكة على شيك، فقام الشريك الأجنبي بفتح بلاغ خيانة أمانة واستلم زوجها الشيك.
فما هو الحل القانوني من ناحية جزائية وتجارية؟
Mar 27, 2025
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What are the penalties for employing workers without a visa? 0
Hello,
Kindly let me know the statutory provisions relating to the penalty for letting employees work without a visa and the amount of penalty to be paid by the employer.
Apr 9, 2025
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451 451 answers •
View allAre there any restrictions on a diplomat buying property in the UAE? 0
Hello,
Is there any restriction on a diplomat buying property in the UAE, where he works as a diplomat at his country's consulate?
Feb 20, 2025
69
If someone has a case in the UAE, can they travel to another GCC country? 0
Hi.
One of my friends joined a Telegram group. They said, "We will transfer some amount to your account, and your task is to transfer this amount to another account. Once the task is completed, you will get 30 or 50 AED per task."
He completed 3 to 4 tasks, but he realized it was not good, so he stopped. After one week, when he opened his account, it was blocked, and the bank said, "We are conducting an investigation; after this, we will let you know."
After some days, he had an accident and went to his home country. He then received a call from a landline number, which was from the Abu Dhabi police station.
They said, "We have received a complaint against you; come to our investigation department." However, due to his surgery and treatment, he could not go.
After some time, his bank account was reopened, and he did not receive any further calls. I want to know, if he comes back to the UAE or goes to any other GCC country, will he face any problems?
If someone has a case in the UAE, can they travel to another GCC country?
Please advise!
Feb 17, 2025
133
What can I do if my employer refuses to pay me and I have no contract? 0
Hello,
What legal action can I take in case the employer refuses to pay my salary and I don't have a contract with them?
Feb 18, 2025
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I want to open an online shop. Do I need a license to open an Etsy shop? 0
I currently live in Sharjah and have a UAE residence visa but I am not a UAE or GCC national. I want to open an online shop (Etsy or Shopify) to sell handmade items, such as crocheted goods, bookmarks, greeting cards, etc.
Do I need a license to open an Etsy shop?
If so, which license do I need to sell my products online, including UAE and worldwide?
How much would it cost me?
Can I keep my residence visa (sponsored by my father) and not change it?
Feb 14, 2025
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How can we locate a person with an ongoing legal case? 0
Hello,
I am seeking your legal advice regarding a friend who was previously imprisoned in Abu Dhabi. His case there is now closed, but he has another ongoing case in Dubai.
Currently, we have lost contact with him and are unsure of his whereabouts. How can we check where he is or access any other legal facility?
Are there legal procedures to locate a person with an ongoing case?
What steps should we take to get more information about his status and legal position?
Feb 11, 2025
135
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