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Available entries: 418 entries
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Personal liability
The responsibility of a person to pay a debt or other financial obligation. If an individual signs a promissory note, that individual usually has full personal liability for the debt. An exception is the unusual situation of a non-recourse individual loan, in which the lender agrees to look only to the collateral for recovery in the event of default. Legal dictionary
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Duty of care
A legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring adherence to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts (or failing to perform an act) which results in harm to others which was reasonably foreseeable. Legal dictionary
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Theft
The taking of another person’s property without that person’s permission or consent, with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it permanently. Legal dictionary
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Sharia
The Islamic legal system derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Koran and the Hadith. It is an Arabic language term meaning a body of moral and religious law derived from religious prophecy. Legal dictionary
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Sub judice
Latin for ‘under judgment’. Where a particular case is either in process of trial or being considered by a court or judge. Legal dictionary
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Negligence
The failure to do something which a reasonable person would do in a particular situation, or doing something which a reasonable and prudent person would not do in similar circumstances. If an injured person proves that another person acted negligently and caused their injury, they can recover damages to compensate for their injury. Legal dictionary
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Merchantability
Refers to goods being appropriate for the ordinary purpose for which they were made and sold. This is an implied warranty and breach of it would give rise to a claim for compensation. Legal dictionary
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Arbitration
The reference of a dispute to an impartial person or persons chosen by the parties who agree in advance to abide by the arbitration award issued after the hearing at which both parties are given an opportunity to be heard. Legal dictionary
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Repatriation
The process of returning a person to their place of origin or citizenship, including refugees following a war. Legal dictionary
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Talaq
An Islamic divorce which involves the husband either pronouncing the words ‘I divorce you’ on three separate occasions, so that the parties can effectively reconcile the marriage twice before the third pronouncement, or where a husband pronounces the same words three times in one sitting to make the divorce final without any opportunity to effect a recociliation. The latter method is sometimes called the triple talaq and is the method most commonly used. Once the talaq has been pronounced three times the husband and wife cannot be married again until the wife has married and divorced another husband. Legal dictionary
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Res judicata
Latin for ‘a thing adjudicated’. A legal principle that once a matter is adjudged by a court having jurisdiction, it is finally decided and cannot be adjudicated again, except by way of an appeal. Legal dictionary
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Abeyance
A situation where ownership of something has not been established. For example, where the title/ownership of real property in the estate of a person that has died has not been determined because there is no obvious party to receive title or there appears to be no legal owner of the property. Legal dictionary
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دفوع
أدلة أو براهين يقدمها المدعى عليه أمام المحكمة لدفع هيئتها إلى عدم قبول الدعوى. وتنقسم إلى دفوع شكلية ودفوع موضوعية. Legal dictionary
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Sua sponte
The Latin term for "of one's own accord/will; voluntarily or without outside intervention". In law, sua sponte used to indicate that an authority acts on its own motion without formal prompting or request from either party. The most common example of sua sponte actions is a dismissal of a lawsuit filed in the court which doesn't have jurisdiction over the matter. Legal dictionary
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عقوبة
جزاء يفرضه القانون على من ارتكب جرمًا جزاءًا له، وتنقسم إلى عقوبات مشددة مثل الإعدام والسجن المشدد والسجن المؤبد، وعقوبات مخففة مثل الحبس الذي لا يتجاوز الثلاث سنوات أو التغريم. Legal dictionary
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