Is deliberate deception to secure an unfair or unlawful gain. It is both a civil wrong (a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to remedy the fraud and/or recover compensation) and a criminal offence (a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by the government authorities).

Sometimes known as a repudiatory breach, is a breach of an essential part of a contract that it permits the distressed party to terminate performance of the contract, in addition to entitling that party to sue for damages.

A breach of contract that is so fundamental that it permits the injured party to terminate the performance of the contract, in addition to entitling that party to sue for damages.

A secret agreement between two or more persons made for the purpose of committing, by their joint efforts, some unlawful or criminal act, or some act which is in itself innocent, but which becomes unlawful when done by the concerted action of the conspirators, or for the purpose of using unlawful or criminal means to the commission of an act not in itself unlawful.