The Islamic legal system derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Koran and the Hadith. It is an Arabic language term meaning a body of moral and religious law derived from religious prophecy.

A legal document, usually in writing, giving details of a formal legally binding agreement, between two or more different people or groups. To be legally binding it must contain certain elements: it must contain an offer made by one party and accepted in its entirety by the other, it must include some form of consideration whether it be money, goods or services, and it must be properly signed by all parties to it, and dated.

A contract in which all elements of a contract are specifically stated (offer, acceptance and consideration), and the terms are set out, as compared with an implied contract in which the existence of the contract is assumed by the circumstances.

A formal agreement between two people who are about to marry, setting out the terms of ownership of assets, treatment of future earnings, control of property, and potential division if the marriage is subsequently dissolved. These agreements are fairly common if either party has substantial assets, children from a prior marriage, potential inheritances or high incomes. They are not recognised in every legal jurisdiction, most notably the United Kingdom.