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Liquidated damages
Damages that are ascertained at the outset of a contractual arrangement between parties to compensate an injured party for a specific breach of the contract by the other party. Damages can be liquidated in a contract only if the injury is uncertain or difficult to quantify, the amount is reasonable and considers the actual or anticipated harm caused by the breach and the damages are structured to function as damages and not as a penalty. If these criteria are not met, a liquidated damages clause will be void. Legal dictionary
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Foreseeable
A foreseeable event, time or situation is one that can be easily known about, imagined or guessed before it happens. It is an established legal principle that damages can only be recovered where it can be shown that the loss or injury caused by the defaulting party could be reasonably expected at the time that the event or situation occurred. Legal dictionary
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Redaction
The process whereby a document is modified, edited or revised to have all confidential and sensitive information removed. Legal dictionary
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Dilapidated
Describes something that is in disrepair or decay, but more often refers to the disrepair for which a tenant may be liable when he has agreed to give up a property in good repair, or a landlord may be liable when he has agreed to keep the structure of the property in good repair. Legal dictionary
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Good standing
A person or organisation that is regarded as having complied with all of his or her explicit obligations and have unabated powers to conduct his or her activities. Legal dictionary
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حق انتفاع
حق عيني يخوّل لشخص استخدام شيء يخص الغير (كعقار أو نحوه) ويسقط بموت المنتفع أي أنه لا يُورّث. وإذا باع المالك العقار المنتفع به، لا يسقط حق الانتفاع أي أن المنتفع يتمتع بالعقار ما لم يحل الأجل، أو يتنازل المنتفع عن العقار. Legal dictionary
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كمبيالة
صك محرر وفق أوضاع شكلية حددها القانون تتضمن أمرًا من الساحب إلى المسحوب عليه بدفع مبلغ من المال إلى شخص ثالث وهو المستفيد بمجرد الاطلاع أو في تاريخ محدد. Legal dictionary
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Testamentary capacity
Describes a person’s legal and mental capacity to make or alter a valid Will. Legal dictionary
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Measure of damages
The process of calculating how much money compensation a court should award a party following a breach of contract, personal injury or other monetary claim. Legal dictionary
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Whistleblower
A person who exposes misconduct, alleged dishonest or illegal activity occurring within an organisation. The alleged misconduct may be a violation of the law, rule, regulation and/or a direct threat to the public interest, such as fraud, health and safety violations, and corruption. Whisleblowers may make their allegations internally (to other people within the accused organisation) or externally (to regulators, law enforcement agencies, to the media or to groups concerned with the issues). Legal dictionary
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Adverse inference
An inference drawn from silence or absence of requested evidence which is adverse to the party concerned. The rule applies not only to evidence which is destroyed, but also to evidence which exists but the party refuses to produce, and to evidence which the party has under his/her control, and which is not produced. Legal dictionary
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Fraud
Is deliberate deception to secure an unfair or unlawful gain. It is both a civil wrong (a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to remedy the fraud and/or recover compensation) and a criminal offence (a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by the government authorities). Legal dictionary
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جنحة
عمل إجرامي ينجم عنه ضرر أخف من ضرر الجناية ويعاقب بعقوبات أخف من عقوبات الجناية، كالحبس لمدة تقل عن 3 سنوات أو الإلزام بدفع غرامة. Legal dictionary
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Extenuating circumstances
Usually applied in criminal cases, they are unusual or extreme facts leading up to or attending the perpetration of a crime which, although committed without legal justification or excuse, mitigate or reduce its gravity from the point of view of punishment or moral opprobrium. Legal dictionary
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Trademark
Is a recognisable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others, although trademarks used to identify services are usually called service marks. The trademark owner can be an individual, business organisation or any legal entity. A trademark can be located on a package, a label, a voucher, or the product itself. Words that merely name the maker (but without particular lettering) or a generic name for the product are not trademarks. While a trademark may exist from its first use, it is wise to register it in order to prove its use and ownership and afford protection against use by others. Legal dictionary
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