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Gazumping
Occurs when a seller (usually of property) accepts a verbal offer on his/her property from one potential buyer, but then accepts a higher offer from someone else. It can also refer to the seller raising the selling price or asking for more money at the last minute, after previously verbally agreeing to a lower one. Some jurisdictions have passed legislation making offers on real property binding at an early stage during the process of buying a property. Legal dictionary
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Strict liability
Sometimes called absolute liability, is the legal responsibility for damages, or injury, even if the person found to be strictly liable was not at fault or negligent. Strict liability is especially found in product liability cases. Legal dictionary
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Walking possession
The temporary possession of a debtor’s assets, without actually removing them, taken by a court official until the assets can be sold to satisfy the debt owed to another party. Legal dictionary
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Penal code
Otherwise known as a criminal code, is a document which compiles all, or a significant amount of, a particular jurisdiction’s criminal law. Typically, it will contain offences which are recognised in the jurisdiction, penalties which might be imposed for those offences and some general provisions (such as definitions and prohibitions on retroactive prosecution). Legal dictionary
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Privileged communication
Communication which cannot be disclosed without the consent of the party making it, such as those made by a client to his or her legal adviser, or communication which does not expose the person making it to court proceedings for defamation, such as those made during court proceedings. Legal dictionary
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Doctrine
In legal usage, it is a body of inter-related rules (usually common law and built over a long period of time) associated with a legal concept or principle. Legal dictionary
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Franchise
A right that someone buys from a company to sell its goods or services, especially in a particular area. In its simplest terms, a franchise is a licence from an owner of a trademark or trade name permitting another to sell a product or service under that mark or name. More broadly stated, a franchise has evolved into an elaborate agreement under which the franchisee undertakes to conduct a business or sell a product or service in accordance with methods and procedures prescribed by the franchisor, and the franchisor undertakes to assist the franchisee through the advertising, promotion and other advisory services. Legal dictionary
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قانون جنائي
مجموعة القوانين المنظمة لكيفية معاقبة مرتكبي الجرائم وكيفية فرض العقوبات القانونية عليهم، كما يحدد الأفعال المشروعة وغير المشروعة ويحدد العقوبات الموضوعة لكل جريمة Legal dictionary
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Maladministration
Generally, actions of a government body that cause injustice, but has been extended to include maladministration by virtually any institution providing services to the general public. They include delay, incorrect action or failure to take action, failure to follow procedures or the law, failure to provide information, inadequate record keeping, failure to investigate, failure to reply, inadequate liaison, or inadequate communication. Legal dictionary
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Beyond a reasonable doubt
The standard of proof of the prosecution’s evidence that must be met in a criminal trial: that no other logical explanation can be established from the facts except that the defendant committed the crime. Legal dictionary
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Culpable
Blameable; involving the breach of a legal duty or the commission of a fault. The term connotes fault rather than guilt. Legal dictionary
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Fundamental breach
Sometimes known as a repudiatory breach, is a breach of an essential part of a contract that it permits the distressed party to terminate performance of the contract, in addition to entitling that party to sue for damages. Legal dictionary
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Interlocutory
Refers to an order, sentence, decree or judgment, given at an intermediate stage between the commencement and termination of a cause of action, and used to provide a temporary or provisional decision on an issue. A decision made in such circumstances is not final and is not subject to an immediate appeal. Legal dictionary
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Contra proferentum
Also known as interpretation against the draftsman, is a doctrine of contractual interpretation which provides that where a promise, agreement or term is ambiguous, the preferred meaning should be the one that works against the party who provided/drafted the wording. Legal dictionary
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Joint venture
A business agreement in which the parties agree to develop, a new entity and new assets by contributing financially an agreed sum. The venture can be for one specific project only or a continuing business relationship. The parties exercise control over the enterprise and consequently shares revenues, expenses and assets. Legal dictionary
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