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Mitigation
Evidence introduced at a criminal trial, usually by a defendant, to reduce the seriousness of the alleged crime, or to support the otherwise good character of the defendant, so that the crime may be less harshly punished. Also, mitigating circumstances, are such as do not constitute a justification or excuse for the offence committed, but which, in fairness and mercy, may be considered as extenuating or reducing the degree of moral culpability. Legal dictionary
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Reprimand
A strong expression of official disapproval to a person at fault, largely exercised in circumstances of unprofessional or unbecoming behaviour. Legal dictionary
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Premeditated
Planned in advance and carried out deliberately. Similar to the term malice aforethought but more widely and commonly used nowadays. Legal dictionary
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Equitable
Based on fairness and not legal technicalities; refers to positive remedies (orders to do something, not money damages) employed by the courts to solve disputes or give relief. Legal dictionary
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Established use
Describes a situation where a piece of land has been used for a specific purpose for a long time, and as a result an authority recognises that it should now only be used for that purpose. Legal dictionary
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خيانة
انتهاك أو خرق لاتفاق أو إخلال بأمانة مما يضر بأحد أطراف الاتفاق. Legal dictionary
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Gagging order
An order usually made by a court restricting information or comment from being made public, or in some cases, passed onto any unauthorised third party. They may be used to protect legitimate trade secrets of a company, or the privacy of victims or minors. They may also limit the freedom of the press by censorship or restricting access to information. Legal dictionary
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زواج مدني
عقد ثنائي بين رجل وامرأة بالغين عاقلين، بإيجاب وقبول كليهما على إنشاء رابطة الزوجية وتبادل الرعاية على الوجه المحدد في القانون، ويقوم على تسجيله وتنفيذه موظف حكومي. Legal dictionary
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Real estate
Land, including the resources in and on it, such as crops, minerals and water, and the buildings and permanent fixtures attached to it. Legal dictionary
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Public limited company
A company that trades on the stock market, has a minimum share capital of £50,000 and is governed by a strict set of rules. They are required to publish a true financial position so investors can determine the exact worth of any shares that they hold in the company. They carry the letters PLC after their name. Legal dictionary
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Unlawful
When applied to promises, agreements or contracts, the term denotes that such agreements have no legal effect. The law disapproves of such conduct because it is immoral or contrary to public policy. Unlawful does not necessarily imply criminality, although the term is sufficiently broad to include it. Legal dictionary
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Conspiracy
A secret agreement between two or more persons made for the purpose of committing, by their joint efforts, some unlawful or criminal act, or some act which is in itself innocent, but which becomes unlawful when done by the concerted action of the conspirators, or for the purpose of using unlawful or criminal means to the commission of an act not in itself unlawful. Legal dictionary
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Balance of probabilities
Evidence which is more convincing than evidence that is offered in opposition to it; standard of proof in civil cases requiring that one side’s case must be more likely than not when deciding on liability. Legal dictionary
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واجب النفاذ
قرار قضائي ملزم للأطراف المتنازعة ويتم تنفيذه ولو بالقوة الجبرية، ويصبح القرار نافذًا إذا انقضى ميعاد المعارضة أو الاستئناف دون رفعهما، أو بالحكم فيهما إذا رُفعا. Legal dictionary
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Punitive damages
Punitive damages, also known as exemplary damages, may be awarded by a judge in addition to actual damages, which compensate the claimant for the losses suffered due to the harm caused by the defendant. Punitive damages are a way of punishing the defendant in a civil case and are based on the theory that the interests of society and the individual harmed can be met by imposing additional damages on the wrongdoer. Legal dictionary
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