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Debenture
A medium to long term debt instrument used by large companies to borrow money, at a fixed rate of interest. It originally referred to a document that either creates a debt or acknowledges it, but in some countries the term is now used interchangeably with bond, loan stock or note. A debenture is like a certificate of loan evidencing the fact that the company is liable to pay a specified amount with interest, and although the money raised by the debentures becomes part of the company’s capital structure, it does not become share capital. Legal dictionary
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Patent
A set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor for a limited period of time (usually twenty years) in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention. Usually patents constitute four different classes: machine (a device or apparatus for the performance of a specific task); process; manufacture (any fabricated or manufactured product); or the composition of matter (a chemical mixture or compound). Legal dictionary
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Break clause
A section or paragraph of a contract, usually between a landlord and a tenant, that allows a party to end the contract early. Legal dictionary
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Clawback
Is a special contractual clause typically used in employment contracts, whereby any money or other benefits given out can be returned due to circumstances specified in the contract. Legal dictionary
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Promissory
Containing or consisting of a promise by someone to do or not to do something. An exchange of promises can in law be held to be legally enforceable. Legal dictionary
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Lien
A legal claim against another person’s property which is held until a debt owed by that person is paid. They can be consensual (created by agreement) or non-consensual (created by statute or by operation of the law). Legal dictionary
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قانون مدني
القواعد والقوانين المنظمة العلاقات بين الأفراد في التعاقدات والاتفاقات والأمور الخاصة بالحياة المدنية؛ وهو فرع من فروع القانون الخاص الذي يضم القانون المدني، القانون التجاري، وقانون العمل. Legal dictionary
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De minimis
Latin for not enough to be considered. Legal dictionary
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Liquidated damages
Damages that are ascertained at the outset of a contractual arrangement between parties to compensate an injured party for a specific breach of the contract by the other party. Damages can be liquidated in a contract only if the injury is uncertain or difficult to quantify, the amount is reasonable and considers the actual or anticipated harm caused by the breach and the damages are structured to function as damages and not as a penalty. If these criteria are not met, a liquidated damages clause will be void. Legal dictionary
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Foreseeable
A foreseeable event, time or situation is one that can be easily known about, imagined or guessed before it happens. It is an established legal principle that damages can only be recovered where it can be shown that the loss or injury caused by the defaulting party could be reasonably expected at the time that the event or situation occurred. Legal dictionary
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Redaction
The process whereby a document is modified, edited or revised to have all confidential and sensitive information removed. Legal dictionary
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Dilapidated
Describes something that is in disrepair or decay, but more often refers to the disrepair for which a tenant may be liable when he has agreed to give up a property in good repair, or a landlord may be liable when he has agreed to keep the structure of the property in good repair. Legal dictionary
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Good standing
A person or organisation that is regarded as having complied with all of his or her explicit obligations and have unabated powers to conduct his or her activities. Legal dictionary
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حق انتفاع
حق عيني يخوّل لشخص استخدام شيء يخص الغير (كعقار أو نحوه) ويسقط بموت المنتفع أي أنه لا يُورّث. وإذا باع المالك العقار المنتفع به، لا يسقط حق الانتفاع أي أن المنتفع يتمتع بالعقار ما لم يحل الأجل، أو يتنازل المنتفع عن العقار. Legal dictionary
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كمبيالة
صك محرر وفق أوضاع شكلية حددها القانون تتضمن أمرًا من الساحب إلى المسحوب عليه بدفع مبلغ من المال إلى شخص ثالث وهو المستفيد بمجرد الاطلاع أو في تاريخ محدد. Legal dictionary
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