The term that describes a duty that is enforced by a court and where non-fulfilment may incur a penalty.

The failure to do something which a reasonable person would do in a particular situation, or doing something which a reasonable and prudent person would not do in similar circumstances. If an injured person proves that another person acted negligently and caused their injury, they can recover damages to compensate for their injury.

The Islamic legal system derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Koran and the Hadith. It is an Arabic language term meaning a body of moral and religious law derived from religious prophecy.